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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">11020</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ2018-170</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Age-related changes of the vitreous body</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Возрастные изменения стекловидного тела</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stebnev</surname><given-names>S D</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стебнев</surname><given-names>Сергей Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vision63@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stebnev</surname><given-names>V S</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стебнев</surname><given-names>Вадим Сергеевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vision63@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malov</surname><given-names>I V</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малов</surname><given-names>Игорь Владимирович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vision63@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Malov</surname><given-names>V M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Малов</surname><given-names>Владимир Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vision63@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Eroshevskaya</surname><given-names>E B</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ерошевская</surname><given-names>Елена Брониславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>vision63@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Ophthalmic clinic «Eye surgery»</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Офтальмологическая клиника «Хирургия глаза»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara State Medical university</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2019-02-08" publication-format="electronic"><day>08</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>100</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 100, NO1 (2019)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 100, №1 (2019)</issue-title><fpage>170</fpage><lpage>174</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2019-02-08"><day>08</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2019, Stebnev S.D., Stebnev V.S., Malov I.V., Malov V.M., Eroshevskaya E.B.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2019, Стебнев С.Д., Стебнев В.С., Малов И.В., Малов В.М., Ерошевская Е.Б.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stebnev S.D., Stebnev V.S., Malov I.V., Malov V.M., Eroshevskaya E.B.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Стебнев С.Д., Стебнев В.С., Малов И.В., Малов В.М., Ерошевская Е.Б.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/11020">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/11020</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Innovative advances in recent years in the study of pathological changes of the posterior segment of the eye including the use of optical coherence tomography which is considered the gold standard for diagnosing vitreoretinal interface pathology, not only significantly expanded the idea of the most prevalent lesions of the structure of posterior eye segment but also discovered absolutely new aspects of their pathology. The review emphasizes the spreading understanding of vitreous body, its age-related changes in the pathology of the posterior eye segment. Two main interrelated processes occurring in the vitreous body - synchysis and syneresis, gradually increasing with age, are considered. Synchysis process begins at the early age and by the age of 70 reaches 50% of the volume of the vitreous body in 70% of the population. Parallelly, syneresis provides strength and plasticity of the entire vitreous volume due to collagen involved in formation of fibrillar frame. An important role in maintaining a stable and viscoelastic structure of the vitreous body, belonging to hyaluronic acid, is discussed, the level of which remains relatively stable at any age due to its constant synthesis. The accumulated data on the structure of age-related and pathological biodegradation of the vitreous body demonstrates inevitable progression of this process leading to age-related posterior vitreous detachment, which is a detachment of the posterior cortical layers of the vitreous body from subjacent retina. Posterior detachment under the influence of age-related changes in the vitreous body has certain stages - from incomplete juxtafoveolar detachment to complete posterior vitreous detachment with clinical retinal changes corresponding to each stage (idiopathic macular holes, lamellar macular tears, macular fibrosis, vitreomacular traction syndrome, myopic foveoschisis). Complete posterior vitreous detachment usually does not cause anatomical retinal disorders and any clinical forms of its diseases, thus, it can be considered as a natural favorable outcome.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Инновационные успехи последних лет в изучении патологических изменений заднего отдела глаза, в том числе использование оптической когерентной томографии, считающейся золотым стандартом диагностики патологии витреомакулярного интерфейса, не только значительно расширили представление о наиболее частых поражениях структур заднего отдела глаза, но и раскрыли совершенно новые аспекты их патологии. В обзоре подчёркнуто возросшее понимание роли стекловидного тела, его возрастных изменений в патологии заднего отдела глаза. Рассмотрено два основных взаимосвязанных процесса, протекающих в стекловидном теле - синхизис и синерезис, постепенно нарастающие с возрастом. Синхизис начинается с раннего возраста и к 70 годам достигает около 50% объёма стекловидного тела у 70% населения. Параллельно идущий синерезис обеспечивает прочность и пластичность всего витреального объёма за счёт коллагена, участвующего в формировании фибриллярного каркаса. Отмечена важная роль в поддержании стабильной и вискоэластичной структуры стекловидного тела, принадлежащая гиалуроновой кислоте, уровень которой остаётся относительно стабильным в любом возрасте благодаря постоянному её синтезу. Накопленные данные по структуре возрастной и патологической биодеградации стекловидного тела демонстрируют неизбежное прогрессирование этого процесса, финалом которого становится возрастная задняя отслойка стекловидного тела, представляющая собой отделение задних кортикальных слоёв стекловидного тела от подлежащей сетчатки. Задняя отслойка под влиянием возрастных изменений в стекловидном теле имеет определённую стадийность - от неполной перифовеолярной отслойки до полной задней витреальной отслойки с соответствующими каждой стадии клиническими изменениями в сетчатке (идиопатические макулярные отверстия, ламеллярные макулярные разрывы, макулярный фиброз, витреомакулярный тракционный синдром, миопический фовеошизис). Полная задняя отслойка стекловидного тела не вызывает, как правило, анатомических нарушений в сетчатке и каких-либо клинических форм её заболеваний, следовательно, её можно рассматривать как естественный благоприятный исход.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>vitreous body</kwd><kwd>synchysis</kwd><kwd>syneresis</kwd><kwd>posterior vitreous detachment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>стекловидное тело</kwd><kwd>синхизис</kwd><kwd>синерезис</kwd><kwd>задняя отслойка стекловидного тела</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Sebag J. Vitreous in health and disease. N.Y., Springer. 2014; 925 p.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lyskin P.V., Zakharov V.D., Pisʹmennaya V.A. Microanatomy of vitreoretinal inter­relations in the aspect of practical surgery. 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