<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">109511</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ109511</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Social hygiene and healthcare management</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Социальная гигиена и организация здравоохранения</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative analysis of the associations between solar activity and trends in the incidence of haemoblastoses in Russia, the USA and Canada</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительный анализ связи трендов гемобластозов в России, Соединённых Штатах Америки и Канаде с солнечной активностью</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0774-2376</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56291097200</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">J-5942-2018</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3986-4244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pinaev</surname><given-names>Sergey K.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пинаев</surname><given-names>Сергей Константинович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof., Depart. of Oncology with a course of surgery and endo­scopy</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., каф. онкологии с курсом хирургии и эндоскопии ДПО</p></bio><email>pinaev@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0542-1552</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57205541090</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">L-6981-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6701-2688</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Chizhov</surname><given-names>Alexey Ya.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чижов</surname><given-names>Алексей Ярославович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф.</p></bio><email>ma21@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5464-0498</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">6603352929</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">B-9815-2016</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5118-0081</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Grjibovski</surname><given-names>Andrej M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гржибовский</surname><given-names>Андрей Мечиславович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., D. Sci. (Med.), Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>докт. мед. наук, проф.</p></bio><email>andrej.grjibovski@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-845X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">56290752700</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">AAC-3445-2020</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1678-3743</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pinaeva</surname><given-names>Olga G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пинаева</surname><given-names>Ольга Геннадьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>M.D., Cand. Sci. (Med.), Assoc. Prof.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доц., каф. нормальной и патологической физиологии</p></bio><email>pinaeva_og@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Far Eastern State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Дальневосточный государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' friendship university of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation — Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A.I. ­Burnayan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации — Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр им. А.И. Бурназяна</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Medical ecological center “Mountain air XXI century”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медико-экологический центр «Горный воздух XXI век»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Northern State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северный государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff6"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">М.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Восточный федеральный университет им. М.К. Аммосова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff7"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">West Kazakhstan Marat Ospanov Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Западно-Казахстанский медицинский университет им. Марата Оспанова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff8"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">M.V. Lomonosov Northern (Arctic) Federal University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2022-12-02" publication-format="electronic"><day>02</day><month>12</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>103</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>1005</fpage><lpage>1012</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2022-07-28"><day>28</day><month>07</month><year>2022</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2022-11-03"><day>03</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2022, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2022, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-12-02"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/109511">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/109511</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background.</bold> Identification of the links between hemoblastoses and environmental factors is necessary for the development of preventive measures.</p> <p><bold>Aim.</bold> Comparative analysis of the link between hemoblastosis trends in Russia, the USA and Canada and solar activity.</p> <p><bold>Material and methods.</bold> The open data on the incidence of hemoblastoses in Canada (1983–2012), the USA (1998–2012) and Russia (1993–2018) was used. To estimate solar activity, the average annual number of sunspots (Wolff numbers) was taken. The relationship between the frequency of hemoblastoses and solar activity was studied using the Pearson correlation analysis in 11 iterations (lag 0–10 years). The results obtained are compared with the data of an earlier study on Russia.</p> <p><bold>Results.</bold> In Canada, an association with Wolf numbers was found in the frequency of Hodgkin's lymphoma in men (r=0.431, p=0.017, lag 2 years), multiple myeloma in women (r=0.542, p=0.037, lag 1 year), non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in men (r =0.538, p=0.038, lag 5 years) and women (r=0.750, p=0.001, lag 5 years), leukemia in men (r=0.707, p=0022, lag 7 years) and women (r=0.817, p=0.004, lag 7 years). In the United States, a relationship with solar activity was established for fluctuations in the incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma in men (r=0.577, p=0.050, lag 5 years) and women (r=0.641, p=0.025, lag 5 years), non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in men (r=0.809, p &lt;0.001, lag 3 years) and women (r=0.844, p &lt;0.001, lag 2 years), leukemia in men (r=0.619, p=0.032, lag 1 year). In the Russian population, a relationship between solar activity and the frequency of all forms of hemoblastoses, was previously revealed. Fluctuations in the frequency of leukemia and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in the populations of Russia, the USA and Canada have a strong positive relationship with solar activity. The strength of this association in Hodgkin's lymphoma and multiple myeloma ranges from moderate to significant. In all the countries studied, an increase in the incidence of multiple myeloma and leukemia was found, and an increase in the incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas was found in Russia and Canada. The trend in the incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma in Russia and Canada has a significant downward trend.</p> <p><bold>Conclusion.</bold> Trends in hemoblastoses in Russia, the USA and Canada are strongly related to solar activity.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Актуальность.</bold> Выявление связей гемобластозов с экологическими факторами необходимо для разработки мер профилактики.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Сравнительный анализ связи трендов гемобластозов в России, США и Канаде с активностью Солнца.</p> <p><bold>Материал и методы исследования.</bold> Использованы открытые данные о заболеваемости гемобластозами в Канаде (1983–2012), США (1998–2012) и России (1993–2018). Для оценки активности Солнца взяты среднегодовые количества солнечных пятен (числа Вольфа). Связь частоты гемобластозов с активностью Солнца исследована при помощи корреляционного анализа по Пирсону в 11 итерациях (лаг 0–10 лет). Полученные результаты сопоставлены с данными проведённого ранее исследования по России.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В Канаде выявлена связь с числами Вольфа частоты лимфомы Ходжкина у мужчин (r=0,431, p=0,017, лаг 2 года), множественной миеломы у женщин (r=0,542, p=0,037, лаг 1 год), неходжкинских лимфом у мужчин (r=0,538, p=0,038, лаг 5 лет) и женщин (r=0,750, p=0,001, лаг 5 лет), лейкоза у мужчин (r=0,707, p=0022, лаг 7 лет) и женщин (r=0,817, p=0,004, лаг 7 лет). В США установлена связь с активностью Солнца флюктуаций заболеваемости лимфомой Ходжкина у мужчин (r=0,577, p=0,050, лаг 5 лет) и женщин (r=0,641, p=0,025, лаг 5 лет), неходжкинских лимфом у мужчин (r=0,809, p &lt;0,001, лаг 3 года) и женщин (r=0,844, p &lt;0,001, лаг 2 года), лейкоза у мужчин (r=0,619, p=0,032, лаг 1 год). В популяции России ранее нами была выявлена связь активности Солнца с частотой всех форм гемобластозов. Колебания частоты лейкоза и неходжкинских лимфом в популяциях России, США и Канады имеют сильную положительную связь с солнечной активностью. Сила такой связи при лимфоме Ходжкина и множественной миеломе находится в диапазоне от умеренной до значимой. Во всех изученных странах обнаружен тренд роста частоты множественной миеломы и лейкоза, а в России и Канаде выявлено увеличение заболеваемости неходжкинскими лимфомами. Тренд частоты лимфомы Ходжкина в России и Канаде имеет достоверную тенденцию к снижению.</p> <p><bold>Вывод.</bold> Тренды гемобластозов в России, США и Канаде имеют сильную связь с активностью Солнца.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Hodgkin's lymphoma</kwd><kwd>non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma</kwd><kwd>multiply myeloma</kwd><kwd>leukemia</kwd><kwd>trend</kwd><kwd>solar activity</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>лимфома Ходжкина</kwd><kwd>неходжкинские лимфомы</kwd><kwd>множественная миелома</kwd><kwd>лейкоз</kwd><kwd>тренд</kwd><kwd>солнечная активность</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Watts N, Amann M, Arnell N, Ayeb-Karlsson S, Beagley J, Belesova K, Boykoff M, Byass P, Cai W, Campbell-Lendrum D, Capstick S, Chambers J, Coleman S, Dalin C, Daly M, Dasandi N, Dasgupta S, Davies M, Di Napoli C, Dominguez-Salas P, Drummond P, Dubrow R, Ebi KL, Eckelman M, Ekins P, Escobar LE, Georgeson L, Golder S, Grace D, Graham H, Haggar P, Hamilton I, Hartinger S, Hess J, Hsu SC, Hughes N, Jankin Mikhaylov S, Jimenez MP, Kelman I, Kennard H, Kiesewetter G, Kinney PL, Kjellstrom T, Kniveton D, Lampard P, Lemke B, Liu Y, Liu Z, Lott M, Lowe R, Martinez-Urtaza J, Maslin M, McAllister L, McGushin A, McMichael C, Milner J, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrissey K, Munzert S, Murray KA, Neville T, Nilsson M, Sewe MO, Oreszczyn T, Otto M, Owfi F, Pearman O, Pencheon D, Quinn R, Rabbaniha M, Robinson E, Rocklöv J, Romanello M, Semenza JC, Sherman J, Shi L, Springmann M, Tabatabaei M, Taylor J, Triñanes J, Shumake-Guillemot J, Vu B, Wilkinson P, Winning M, Gong P, Montgomery H, Costello A. The 2020 report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: responding to converging crises. Lancet. 2021;397(9):129–170. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32290-X.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pinaev SK, Chizhov AYa, Pinaeva OG. Critical periods of adaptation to smoke and solar activity in human ontogenesis: a review. Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2021;(11):4–11. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.33396/1728-0869-2021-11-4-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пинаев С.К., Чижов А.Я., Пинаева О.Г. Критические периоды адаптации к дыму и солнечной активности на этапах онтогенеза (обзор литературы). Экология человека. 2021;(11):4–11. DOI: 10.33396/1728-0869-2021-11-4-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Cancer Today — IARC. https://gco.iarc.fr/today/home (accessed date: 09.04.2022).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>IARC Monographs on the Identification of Carcinogenic Hazards to Humans. List of classifications. Agents classified by the IARC Monographs. Vol. 1–131. https://monographs.iarc.fr/list-of-classifications (access date: 09.04.2022).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pinaev SK, Torshin VI, Radysh IV, Chizhov AYa, Pinaeva OG. Ecological factors associated with fluctuations in the incidence of neoplasms in childrens. Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Eco-logy). 2021;(6):49–57. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.33396/1728-0869-2021-6-49-57.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пинаев С.К., Торшин В.И., Радыш И.В., Чижов А.Я., Пинаева О.Г. Экологические факторы, связанные с колебаниями частоты новообразований у детей. Экология человека. 2021;(6):49–57. DOI: 10.33396/1728-0869-2021-6-49-57.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Coste A, Hémon D, Orsi L, Boniol M, Doré JF, Faure L, Clavel J, Goujon S. Residential exposure to ultraviolet light and risk of precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: assessing the role of individual risk factors, the ESCALE and ESTELLE studies. Cancer Causes Control. 2017;28(10):1075–1083. DOI: 10.1007/s10552-017-0936-5.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Thandra KC, Barsouk A, Saginala K, Padala SA, Barsouk A, Rawla P. Epidemiology of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Med Sci (Basel). 2021;9(1):5. DOI: 10.3390/medsci9010005.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Howell JM, Auer-Grzesiak I, Zhang J, Andrews CN, Stewart D, Urbanski SJ. Increasing incidence rates, distribution and histological characteristics of primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a North American population. Can J Gastroenterol. 2012;26(7):452–456. DOI: 10.1155/2012/480160.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Merrill RM, Frutos AM. Ecological evidence for lower risk of lymphoma with greater exposure to sunlight and higher altitude. High Alt Med Biol. 2020;21(1):37–44. DOI: 10.1089/ham.2019.0054.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Van Leeuwen MT, Turner JJ, Falster MO, Meagher NS, Joske DJ, Grulich AE, Giles GG, Vajdic CM. Latitude gradients for lymphoid neoplasm subtypes in Australia support an association with ultraviolet radiation exposure. Int J Cancer. 2013;133(4):944–951. DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28081.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karpin VA. Medical ecology of the Russian North: a systematic review of the relevance, achievements and perspectives. Ekologiya cheloveka (Human Ecology). 2021;(8):4–11. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.33396/1728-0869-2021-8-4-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Карпин В.А. Медицинская экология Севера: актуальность, достижения и перспективы (обзор литературы). Экология человека. 2021;(8):4–11. DOI: 10.33396/1728-0869-2021-8-4-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pinaev SK, Chizhov AYa, Pinaeva OG. The links between solar activity and smoke with trends in hematological malignancies in Russia. Radiation and Risk. 2022;31(3):100–110. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-100-110.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Пинаев С.К., Чижов А.Я., Пинаева О.Г. Связь активности Солнца и дыма с трендами гемобластозов в России. Радиация и риск. 2022;31(3):100–110. DOI: 10.21870/0131-3878-2022-31-3-100-110.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>International Agency for Research on Cancer. Cancer incidence in Five Continents. Time Trends. Online analysis. https://ci5.iarc.fr/CI5plus/Pages/graph4_sel.aspx (access date: 09.04.2022).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR). https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/npcr/about.htm (access date: 09.04.2022).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>SILSO data/image. Royal Observatory of Belgium. Brussels. http://www.sidc.be/silso/datafiles (access date: 09.04.2022).</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ishkov VN. The current 24th cycle of solar activity in the minimum phase: Preliminary results and features of development. Cosmic Research. 2020;58(6):436–443. DOI: 10.1134/S0010952520060064.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ишков В.Н. Текущий 24 цикл солнечной активности в фазе минимума: предварительные итоги и особенности развития. Космические исследования. 2020;58(6):471–478. DOI: 10.1134/S0010952520060064.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list></back></article>
