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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Kazan medical journal</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Kazan medical journal</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Казанский медицинский журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">0368-4814</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2587-9359</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10303</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/KMJ2018-792</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Achievements and prospects of cellular technologies based on the activated lymphocytes in the treatment of malignant tumors</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Достижения и перспективы клеточных технологий на основе активированных лимфоцитов в лечении злокачественных опухолей</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zlatnik</surname><given-names>E Yu</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Златник</surname><given-names>Елена Юрьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>elena-zlatnik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sitkovskaya</surname><given-names>A O</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ситковская</surname><given-names>Анастасия Олеговна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>elena-zlatnik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Nepomnyashchaya</surname><given-names>E M</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Непомнящая</surname><given-names>Евгения Марковна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>elena-zlatnik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dzhandigova</surname><given-names>Ph R</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Джандигова</surname><given-names>Фариза Руслановна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>elena-zlatnik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Vashchenko</surname><given-names>L N</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ващенко</surname><given-names>Лариса Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email>elena-zlatnik@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Rostov Research Institute of Oncology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Ростовский научно-исследовательский онкологический институт</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2018-10-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>99</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en">VOL 99, NO5 (2018)</issue-title><issue-title xml:lang="ru">ТОМ 99, №5 (2018)</issue-title><fpage>792</fpage><lpage>801</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2018-10-10"><day>10</day><month>10</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2018, Zlatnik E.Y., Sitkovskaya A.O., Nepomnyashchaya E.M., Dzhandigova P.R., Vashchenko L.N.</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2018, Златник Е.Ю., Ситковская А.О., Непомнящая Е.М., Джандигова Ф.Р., Ващенко Л.Н.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zlatnik E.Y., Sitkovskaya A.O., Nepomnyashchaya E.M., Dzhandigova P.R., Vashchenko L.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Златник Е.Ю., Ситковская А.О., Непомнящая Е.М., Джандигова Ф.Р., Ващенко Л.Н.</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/10303">https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/article/view/10303</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This article reviews the immune system and its role in the relationship between the tumor and the body of a patient with tumor diseases. It is about controlling homeostasis by recognizing and eliminating genetically alien substances (antigens). Antitumor treatment is now not only considered as an “instrument” for eliminating and destroying tumor cells, but also its ability to change/restore impaired functions of the immune system attracts attention. The used antitumor treatment is widely known to be immunosuppressive, stress and radiation effects also cause and/or enhance immunosuppression. In this work, the authors provide literature data demonstrating current status and problems of cellular immunotherapy of malignant tumors with the use of activated lymphocytes, and the role of antigen-specific T-lymphocytes as one of its most important agents is reviewed. Currently, among the immunotherapeutic methods, a special place is occupied by approaches involving the use of autologous or allogenic ex vivo stimulated immunocompetent cells (adoptive immunotherapy). The importance of complex influence on various links (T-, B-, NK-cell) and stages (presentation, recognition, proliferation, differentiation, migration, activation, effector functions) of the immune response is considered. The emergence of targeted drugs based on antibodies, as well as vaccines, especially dendritic cells, has provoked the emergence of a new wave of interest in the formation of specific antitumoral immune response mediated by T lymphocytes, so the introduction of the latter can be classified as a kind of targeted therapy. The value of antigen-specific T-lymphocytes in the formation of antitumor immunity is shown, which emphasizes the importance not only of CD8+, but also of CD4+ T-lymphocytes. In addition, there are suggestions of the possible significance of both T- and B-cells for developing a strategy of cellular immunotherapy. The literature data suggest that not only cytotoxic lymphocytes, but also T-helpers and even B-lymphocytes can be effective as antigen-specific lymphocytes as a component of antitumor treatment. The authors consider the possibility of obtaining antigen-specific T cells, as well as their further storage. The possibility of elimination or selective inhibition of regulatory T-cells during adoptive immunotherapy aimed at removing the suppressor effect on cytotoxic lymphocytes is studied. Various strategies for the use of cell therapy are also discussed.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>В данной статье обзорно рассматривается иммунная система и ее роль во взаимоотношении опухоли и организма пациента с опухолевыми заболеваниями. Речь идет о контроле гомеостаза путем распознавания и элиминации генетически чужеродных веществ (антигенов). Противоопухолевое лечение сейчас принято рассматривать не только в качестве «орудия» для устранения и разрушения опухолевых клеток, также интерес вызывает и его возможность изменять/восстанавливать нарушенные функции иммунной системы. Широко известно, что применяемое противоопухолевое лечение является иммунодепрессивным, т.к. стрессорные и радиационные воздействия также вызывают и/или усиливают иммунодепрессию. В данной работе авторы приводят литературные данные, свидетельствующие о современном состоянии и проблемах клеточной иммунотерапии злокачественных опухолей с применением активированных лимфоцитов, рассматривается значение антиген-специфических Т-лимфоцитов в качестве одного из ее важнейших средств. В настоящее время среди иммунотерапевтических методов особое место занимают подходы, включающие применение аутологичных или аллогенных стимулированных ex vivo иммунокомпетентных клеток (адоптивная иммунотерапия). Рассматривается важность комплексного воздействия на различные звенья (Т-, В-, NK-клеточное) и этапы (презентация, распознавание, пролиферация, дифференцировка, миграция, активация, эффекторные функции) иммунного ответа. Появление таргетных препаратов на основе антител, а также вакцин, прежде всего, дендритно-клеточных, спровоцировало возникновение новой волны интереса к формированию специфического противоопухолевого иммунного ответа, опосредованного Т-лимфоцитами, поэтому введение последних можно причислить к разновидности таргетной терапии. Показано значение антиген-специфических Т-лимфоцитов в формировании противоопухолевого иммунитета, подчеркивающее важность не только CD8+, но и CD4+ Т-лимфоцитов. Кроме того, высказываются предположения о возможной значимости как Т-, так и В-клеток для разработки стратегии клеточной иммунотерапии. Данные литературы говорят о том, что не только цитотоксические лимфоциты, но и Т-хелперы и даже В-лимфоциты могут оказаться эффективными в качестве антиген-специфических лимфоцитов как компонента противоопухолевого лечения. Авторами рассматриваются возможности получения антиген-специфических Т-клеток, а также их дальнейшего хранения. Изучаются возможности элиминации или избирательного ингибирования Т-регуляторных клеток при проведении адоптивной иммунотерапии с целью снятия супрессорного действия на цитотоксические лимфоциты. Также обсуждаются различные стратегии применения клеточной терапии.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>antigen-specific T-lymphocytes</kwd><kwd>immunotherapy</kwd><kwd>literature review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>антиген-специфические Т-лимфоциты</kwd><kwd>иммунотерапия</kwd><kwd>обзор литературы</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pages F., Berger A., Camus M., et al. Effector memory T cells, early metastasis, and survival in colorectal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005; 353 (25): 2654–2666. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa051424.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pages F., Berger A., Camus M., et al. Effector memory T cells, early metastasis, and survival in colorectal cancer. N. Engl. J. Med. 2005; 353 (25): 2654-2666. 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