Assessment of Behavioral Risk Factors Contributing to Overweight in the Adult Population of the Republic of Tatarstan: A Cross-Sectional Study



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Abstract

BACKGROUND: In the Republic of Tatarstan, as in Russia as a whole, the detection rate of behavioral risk factors for overweight and obesity has been increasing, which, against the background of rising non-communicable disease morbidity, poses a threat to the demographic situation.

AIM: To evaluate trends in and the relationship between poor nutrition, low physical activity, and increased body weight in working-age and older adults in the Republic of Tatarstan based on health check-up data.

METHODS: We analyzed health check-up results from 2021 to 2025 using five annual summary reports (Form No. 131/o) from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Tatarstan. Behavioral risk factors assessed included overweight, obesity, poor nutrition, and low physical activity, defined according to Russian Ministry of Health Order No. 404n (April 27, 2021). Statistical analysis used Student t-test, chi-square test, and linear regression.

RESULTS: Over the study period, overweight prevalence increased steadily among men (16.3% to 27.9%, p = 0.041) and women (18.0% to 27.0%, p = 0.128), mainly driven by working-age adults. Detection of poor nutrition and low physical activity also rose. These behavioral risk factors are highly prevalent: one in five individuals had low physical activity and poor nutrition. Among working-age men and women, low physical activity increased by 37.8% (p = 0.0007) and 32.4% (p = 0.0001), respectively; poor nutrition increased by 40.3% (p = 0.0007) and 32.8% (p = 0.0003), respectively. Overweight was strongly associated with behavioral risk factors, especially in working-age adults: with poor nutrition, men r = 0.98 (R² = 0.961), women r = 0.963 (R² = 0.927); with low physical activity, men r = 0.975 (R² = 0.951), women r = 0.961 (R² = 0.923).

CONCLUSION: Increased detection of modifiable risk factors is associated with higher overweight prevalence among working-age adults in the Republic of Tatarstan, indicating a strong interrelationship.

About the authors

Guzel M. Muhutdinova

Center for the Promotion of SEW; Kazan State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: guzman76@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6770-7890
SPIN-code: 2045-6100

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Depart. of public health and healthcare organization

Russian Federation, Kazan; Kazan

Almas А. Imamov

Kazan State Medical University

Email: profmed_kgmu@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2608-0179
SPIN-code: 3580-2463

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Depart. of preventive medicine and human ecology

Russian Federation, Kazan

Alina R. Valeeva

Kazan State Medical University; Republican Clinical Hospital

Email: aliv05@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-6528-6774
SPIN-code: 1485-5669

allergist-immunologist, senior teacher, Depart. of clinical immunology with allergy

Russian Federation, Kazan; Kazan

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