Dentists’ Awareness of Hypertension



Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

Oral diseases and cardiovascular disease are interrelated chronic conditions that are widely prevalent and have serious consequences for the economy and health, considerably reducing patients’ quality of life. Modern research indicates a close connection between hypertension and oral diseases, particularly periodontitis.

Hypertension and its complications are among the main medical conditions that prompt dentists to refer patients to other specialists, sometimes requiring postponement or cancellation of dental procedures. Insufficient awareness among dentists about the timely and optimal management of patients with elevated blood pressure, along with a lack of attention to preventive measures, can lead to delays in treatment and, in some cases, to irreversible complications. This underscores the critical importance of dentists having the necessary knowledge about hypertension, as well as skills in providing emergency care to such patients.

In this regard, special attention should be paid to dentists’ awareness of risk factors for cardiovascular disease, including elevated blood pressure. This article analyzes current data on dentists’ awareness of the interrelationship between oral diseases and hypertension. It presents the results of scientific research emphasizing the need to foster cardiovascular awareness in dental practice.

About the authors

Aziza I. Sabirova

Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after the First President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin

Email: azizasabirova@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8055-6233
SPIN-code: 6728-5165
Scopus Author ID: 57205315458

MD, Cand. Sci, (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Operative Dentistry

Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek

Olesia O. Karshina

Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after the First President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin

Author for correspondence.
Email: o.o.karshina@krsu.kg
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-9077-7679
SPIN-code: 2868-9979
Scopus Author ID: 59180779000

postgraduate student, senior lecturer, Depart. of therapy № 2

Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek

Jusup Erkin uulu

Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after the First President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin

Email: kbhwik@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-4869-2778
SPIN-code: 2960-9557

Lecturer, Depart. of Surgical Dentistry

Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek

Ilgiz A. Asylbekov

Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after the First President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin

Email: ilga.2000@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-9107-8419

Lecturer, Depart. of Surgical Dentistry

Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek

Chyngyz D. Barataliev

Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after the First President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin

Email: barataliev.ch@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-3071-8819

Lecturer, Depart. of Surgical Dentistry

Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek

Ibragim S. Sabirov

Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after the First President of the Russian Federation B.N. Yeltsin; Osh State University

Email: sabirov_is@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8387-5800
SPIN-code: 2222-5544
Scopus Author ID: 57194725251

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head, Depart. of therapy № 2

Kyrgyzstan, Bishkek; Osh

References

  1. Hopkins S, Gajagowni S, Qadeer Y, et al. Oral Health and Cardiovascular Disease. Am J Med. 2024;137(4):304–307. doi: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.11.022 EDN: ASKGNI
  2. Wu L, Zhang S, Zhao L, et al. Global, regional, and national burden of periodontitis from 1990 to 2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. J Periodontol. 2022;93(10):1445–1454. doi: 10.1002/JPER.21-0469 EDN: HQGOSL
  3. Genco R, Sanz M. Clinical and public health implications of periodontal and systemic diseases: An overview. Periodontol 2000. 2020;83(1):7–13. doi: 10.1111/prd.12344 EDN: NYPXFI
  4. GBD 2023 Causes of Death Collaborators. Global burden of 292 causes of death in 204 countries and territories and 660 subnational locations, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023. Lancet. 2025;406(10513):1811–1872. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(25)01917-8
  5. Murakami Y, Hozawa A, Okamura T, Ueshima H. Relation of blood pressure and all-cause mortality in 180,000 Japanese participants: pooled analysis of 13 cohort studies. Hypertension. 2008;51(6):1483–1491. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.102459
  6. Zhou B, Perel P, Mensah G, Ezzati M. Global epidemiology, health burden and effective interventions for elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2021;18:785–802. doi: 10.1038/s41569-021-00559-8 EDN: SCDIFN
  7. Kaveshnikov V, Trubacheva I, Serebryakova V. Factors, associated with effective control of arterial hypertension in the general working-age population. Arterial Hypertension. 2022;28(5):546–556. doi: 10.18705/1607-419X-2022-28-5-546-556 EDN: WTIEMR
  8. Kobalava ZhD, Konradi AO, Nedogoda SV, et al. 2024 Clinical practice guidelines for Hypertension in adults. Russian Journal of Cardiology. 2024;29(9):6117. doi: 10.15829/1560-4071-2024-6117 EDN: GUEWLU
  9. GBD 2021 Oral Disorders Collaborators. Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet. 2025;405(10482):897–910. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)02811-3
  10. Van Dyke T, Starr J. Unraveling the link between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2(6):e000657. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000657
  11. Popov VA, Strelnikova EV, Gorbatova MA, et al. Assessment of periodontal tissue condition in adult residents of Arkhangelsk. Russian Journal of Dentistry. 2024;28(2):199–211. doi: 10.17816/dent629133 EDN: DLKDBE
  12. Berezin KA. Prevalence and clinical variety of periodontitis in patients attending dental policlinics in Kazan, Russia. Kazan medical journal. 2013;94(2):198–201. doi: 10.17816/KMJ1588 EDN: PYBGNZ
  13. Kydykbaeva NZh, Murzaliev AD, Rakhmankulov AZ. Organization of periodontal care in kyrgyz republic—problems and prospects. Evraziiskoe nauchnoe ob""edinenie. 2020;(9-3):211–214. EDN: JPBBSM
  14. Song B, Bie Y, Feng H, et al. Inflammatory Factors Driving Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression New Insights. J Transl Int Med. 2022;10(1):36–47. doi: 10.2478/jtim-2022-0012 EDN: ILSYJQ
  15. Sanz M, Marco Del Castillo A, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, et al. Periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases: Consensus report. J Clin Periodontol. 2020;47(3):268–288. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.13189 EDN: QLPKMY
  16. Uriza C, Arregoces F, Porras J, et al. Ultra-Sensitive C-Reactive Protein (US-CRP) in Patients With Periodontal Disease and Risk of Acute Myocardial Infarction. Cardiol Res. 2011;2(1):27–35. doi: 10.4021/cr11e
  17. Balanova YuA, Shalnova SA, Kutsenko VA, et al. On behalf of the participants in the ESSE-RF study. Population aspects of arterial hypertension therapy. Focus onfixed combinations. Arterial Hypertension. 2022;28(5):482–491. doi: 10.18705/1607-419X-2022-28-5-482-491
  18. GBD Risk Factor Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 2018;392:1923–1994. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32225-6
  19. Zhou D, Xi B, Zhao M, et al. Uncontrolled hypertension increases risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in US adults: the NHANES III Linked Mortality Study. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):9418. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-27377-2
  20. Lindsay P, Connor Gorber S, Joffres M, et al. Recommendations on screening for high blood pressure in Canadian adults. Can Fam Physician. 2013;59(9):927–933.
  21. Yarows S, Vornovitsky O, Eber R, et al. Canceling dental procedures due to elevated blood pressure: Is it appropriate? J Amer Dent Assoc. 2020;151(4):239–244. doi: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.12.010 EDN: OMEUCA
  22. Al-Sebaei MO, Abdel-Alim HM, Almutairi AM, Bajunaid RM. Undiagnosed Hypertension in the Dental Clinic. J Res Med Dent Sci. 2021;9(11):142–146.
  23. Spanemberg JC, Cardoso JA, Slob EMGB, López-López J. Quality of life related to oral health and its impact in adults. Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. 2019;120(3):234–239. doi: 10.1016/j.jormas.2019.02.004
  24. Dietrich T, Webb I, Stenhouse L, et al. Evidence summary: the relationship between oral and cardiovascular disease. Br Dent J. 2017;222(5):381–385. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.224
  25. O'Dwyer M, Furgal A, Furst W, et al. The Prevalence of Periodontitis Among uS Adults with multimorbidity using nHAneS data 2011–2014. J Am Board Fam Med. 2023;36(2):313–324. doi: 10.3122/jabfm.2022.220207r1 EDN: VJPYQI
  26. Badran Z, Struillou X, Verner C, et al. Periodontitis as a risk factor for systemic disease: Are microparticles the missing link? Med Hypotheses. 2015;84(6):555–556. doi: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.02.013
  27. Pietropaoli D, Cairo F, Citterio F, et al. Italian working group on Hypertension and Periodontitis (Hy-Per Group). Practical Guidelines for Patients with Hypertension and Periodontitis. High Blood Press cardiovasc Prev. 2023;30(1):7–16. doi: 10.1007/s40292-022-00553-2 EDN: QEJTFH
  28. Del Pinto R, Landi L, Grassi G, et al. Hypertension and periodontitis: A joint report by the Italian society of hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian society of periodontology and implantology (SIdP). Oral Dis. 2023;29(2):803–814. doi: 10.1111/odi.14009 EDN: TILSYZ
  29. Del Pinto R, Pietropaoli D, Munoz-Aguilera E, et al. Periodontitis and Hypertension: Is the Association Causal? High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(4):281–289. doi: 10.1007/s40292-020-00392-z EDN: CIXZWP
  30. Szczepaniak P, Mikołajczyk T, Cześnikiewicz-Guzik M, Guzik T. Periodontitis as an inflammatory trigger in hypertension: From basic immunology to clinical implications. Kardiol Pol. 2021;79(11):1206–1214. doi: 10.33963/KP.a2021.0161 EDN: LQNJGQ
  31. Sedghi L, DiMassa V, Harrington A, et al. The oral microbiome: Role of key organisms and complex networks in oral health and disease. Periodontol 2000. 2021;87(1):107–131. doi: 10.1111/prd.12393 EDN: RGHLHS
  32. Sharma S, Mohler J, Mahajan S, et al. A Review on Formation, Infection, Antibiotic Resistance, Control Measures, and Innovative Treatment. Microorganisms. 2023;11(6):1614. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11061614 EDN: EULMCW
  33. Potempa J, Gomis-Ruth F, Karim A. Handbook of Proteolytic Enzymes. 3rd ed. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd.; 2013. ISBN: 978-0-12-382219-2
  34. Bravo-Lopez M, Villa-Islas V, Rocha Arriaga C, et al. Paleogenomic insights into the red complex bacteria Tannerella forsythia in Pre-Hispanic and Colonial individuals from Mexico. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2020;375(1812):20190580. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0580 EDN: STSKGS
  35. Rajasekaran J, Krishnamurthy H, Bosco J, et al. Oral Microbiome: A Review of Its Impact on Oral and Systemic Health. Microorganisms. 2024;12(9):1797. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms12091797 EDN: WAPXJQ
  36. Li Y, Zhu M, Liu Y, et al. The oral microbiota and cardiometabolic health: A comprehensive review and emerging insights. Front Immunol. 2022;13:101036. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1010368 EDN: CNKJNQ
  37. Siddiqui R, Badran Z, Boghossian A, et al. The increasing importance of the oral microbiome in periodontal health and disease. Future Sci OA. 2023;9(8):FSO856. doi: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0062 EDN: KKPUIW
  38. Kozak M, Pawlik A. The Role of the Oral Microbiome in the Development of Diseases. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24(6):5231. doi: 10.3390/ijms24065231 EDN: OIUUNR
  39. Medina-Leyte D, Zepeda-García O, Domínguez-Pérez M, et al. Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation and Coronary Artery Disease: Potential Biomarkers and Promising Therapeutical Approaches. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(8):3850. doi: 10.3390/ijms22083850 EDN: SPIQIZ
  40. Kurtzman G, Horowitz R, Johnson R, et al. The systemic oral health connection: Biofilms. Medicine. 2022;101(46):e30517. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030517 EDN: LSQJBP
  41. Zhang J, Yu C, Zhang X, et al. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces cognitive dysfunction, mediated by neuronal inflammation via activation of the TLR4 signaling pathway in C57BL/6 mice. J Neuroinflammation. 2018;15(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s12974-017-1052-x EDN: HJRQOY
  42. Neurath N, Kesting M. Cytokines in gingivitis and periodontitis: from pathogenesis to therapeutic targets. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1435054. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1435054 EDN: IDBKBM
  43. Li Q, Ouyang X, Lin J. The impact of periodontitis on vascular endothelial dysfunction. Front cell Infect microbiol. 2022;12:998313. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.998313 EDN: DKMWKX
  44. Yang SR, Ren XY. Research progress in association between endothelial dysfunction and periodontitis. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2022;57(9):973–977. (In Chinese) doi: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20220216-00064
  45. Gurav A. The implication of periodontitis in vascular endothelial dysfunction. Eur J clin Invest. 2014;44(10):1000–1009. doi: 10.1111/eci.12322
  46. Nuredini G, Saunders A, Rajkumar C, Okorie M. Current status of white coat hypertension: where are we? Ther Adv Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;14:1753944720931637. doi: 10.1177/1753944720931637 EDN: ICHIWS
  47. Humphris G, King K. The prevalence of dental anxiety across previous distressing experiences. J Anxiety Disord. 2011;25(2):232–236. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2010.09.007
  48. Liau F, Kok S, Lee J, et al. Cardiovascular influence of dental anxiety during local anesthesia for tooth extraction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;105(1):16–26. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.03.015.
  49. Andersson H, Hedström L, Bergh H. White coat hypertension detected during opportunistic blood pressure screening in a dental healthcare setting. Scand J Prim Health Care. 2021;39(3):348–354. doi: 10.1080/02813432.2021.1958496 EDN: TZAJCD
  50. Chung R, Leung S, Abel S, et al. HIV screening in the dental setting in New York State. PLoS One. 2020;15(4):e0231638. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231638 EDN: LJXUGJ
  51. Ireland R, Bowyer V, Ireland A, Sutcliffe P. The medical and dental attendance pattern of patients attending general dental practices in Warwickshire and their general health risk assessment. Br Dent J. 2012;212(8):E12. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.313
  52. Kulakov AA, Abakarov BSh, Ivanova MA. Attendance of oral surgeons per one inhabitant per year in the subjects of the Russian Federation in 2017–2023. Stomatology. 2025;104(3):53–56. doi: 10.17116/stomat202510403153 EDN: SCBJXW
  53. Vagner VD, Markina LA, losev FF, Bogomolov DE. Characteristics of the valume of dental therapeutic care provided in the from of paid medical services. Actual problems in dentistry. 2023;(3):132–136. doi: 10.18481/2077-7566-2023-19-3-132-136 EDN: SLVIXI
  54. Doughty J, Gallier S, Paisi M, et al. Opportunistic health screening for cardiovascular and diabetes risk factors in primary care dental practices: experiences from a service evaluation and a call to action. Br Dent J. 2023;235:727–733. doi: 10.1038/s41415-023-6449-6 EDN: ABTWBT
  55. Abdulwahab M, Kamal M, Akbar A. Screening for High Blood Pressure at the Dentist's Office. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent. 2022;14:79–85. doi: 10.2147/CCIDE.S358890 EDN: RAQRCB
  56. Patel A, Sanghvi K, Shelly S, Patel V. Association of low socioeconomic status and limited dental health-care access on poor oral health outcomes among United States adults. SRM Journal of Research in Dental Sciences. 2019;10(4):183–186. doi: 10.4103/srmjrds.srmjrds_46_19
  57. Northridge M, Kumar A, Kaur R. Disparities in Access to Oral Health Care. Annu Rev Public Health. 2020;41:513–535. doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094318 EDN: HNNRQK
  58. Pietropaoli D, Monaco A, d'Aiuto F, et al. Active gingival inflammation is linked to hypertension. J Hypertens. 2020;38(10):2018–2027. doi: 10.1097/HJH.0000000000002514 EDN: EUHIBG
  59. Muñoz Aguilera E, Suvan J, Orlandi M, et al. Association Between Periodontitis and Blood Pressure Highlighted in Systemically Healthy Individuals: results From a nested case-control Study. Hypertension. 2021;77(5):1765–1774. doi: 10.1161/HYPerTenSIonAHA.120.16790 EDN: IGFFKN
  60. Larvin H, Kang J, Aggarwal V, et al. The additive effect of periodontitis with hypertension on risk of systemic disease and mortality. J Periodontol. 2022;93(7):1024–1035. doi: 10.1002/JPer.21-0621 EDN: FKVJBG
  61. Könnecke H, Schnabel RB, Walther C, et al. Cross-sectional study on the association of periodontitis with arterial hypertension in the Hamburg City Health Study. Eur J Med Res. 2022;27(1):181. doi: 10.1186/s40001-022-00811-y EDN: NBGERJ
  62. Yildirim B, Aksit C, Mutlu M, et al. Severity and progression rate of periodontitis are associated with an increased risk of hypertension of patients attending a university clinic. BMC Oral Health. 2022;22(1):627. doi: 10.1186/s12903-022-02637-w
  63. Zhan Y, Jiao J, Jing W, et al. Association between periodontitis and hypertension: cross-sectional survey from the Fourth national oral Health Survey of China (2015–2016). Bm J open. 2023;13(3):e068724. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068724 EDN: OYHPEJ
  64. Sofi-Mahmudi A. Is periodontitis associated with hypertension? Evid Based dent. 2020;21(4):132–133. doi: 10.1038/s41432-020-0137-z EDN: OKPVAU
  65. Muñoz Aguilera E, Suvan J, Buti J, et al. Periodontitis is associated with hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cardiovasc Res. 2020;116(1):28–39. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvz201 EDN: BJJHJY
  66. Xu K, Yu W, Li Y, et al. Association between tooth loss and hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent. 2022;123:104178. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104178 EDN: NGWZIL
  67. Trukhan DI, Sulimov AF, Trukhan LYu. Association of arterial hypertension and periodontal disease: a review of new data. Farmateka. 2023;30(9-10):23–28. doi: 10.18565/pharmateca.2023.9-10.40-51 EDN: VAEFTT
  68. Albandar J, Susin C, Hughes F. Manifestations of systemic diseases and conditions that affect the periodontal attachment apparatus: Case definitions and diagnostic considerations. J Clin Periodontol. 2018;45 Suppl 20:S171–S189. doi: 10.1111/jcpe.12947
  69. Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Osmenda G, Siedlinski M, et al. Causal association between periodontitis and hypertension: evidence from Mendelian randomization and a randomized controlled trial of non-surgical periodontal therapy. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(42):3459–3470. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz646 EDN: LNITSI
  70. Wilder R, Bell K, Phillips C, et al. Dentists' practice behaviors and perceived barriers regarding oral-systemic evidence: implications for education. J Dent Educ. 2014;78(9):1252–1262. PMID: 25179921.
  71. Bogari D. Dentists' knowledge and behavior toward managing hypertensive patients. Niger J Clin Pract. 2019;22(2):154–161. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_493_18
  72. Paquette D, Bell K, Phillips C, et al. Dentists' knowledge and opinions of oral-systemic disease relationships: relevance to patient care and education. J Dent Educ. 2015;79(6):626–635. PMID: 26034026.
  73. Otero J, Ortiz-Gomez Y, Lopez-Jaramillo P. Dentists´ knowledge about common risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and periodontitis: An opportunity to be part of a multidisciplinary team. J Clin Exp Dent. 2024;16(5):e580–e585. doi: 10.4317/jced.60766 EDN: PIXEJO
  74. Huang L, Wei В, Bao L, et al. The Awareness and Behavior Model of Fujian Dentists Toward Managing Hypertensive Patients. American Journal of Hypertension. 2023;36(11):629. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpad071 EDN: DMQEWF
  75. Anisimova EN, Davydova SS, Orekhova IV, et al. The algorithm for the stomatological treatment of the patients presenting with arterial hypertension under the conditions of an outpatient healthcare facility. Russian journal of stomatology. 2015;8(4):11–18. doi: 10.17116/rosstomat20158411-18 EDN: VOCFZR
  76. Garazha SN, Gotlib AO, Grishilova EN, et al. Changes in the periodontal microhemocirculation during the treatment of generalized periodontitis using polarized light. Russian Journal of Dentistry. 2022;26(3):213–218. doi: 10.17816/1728-2802-2022-26-3-213-218 EDN: NQZBQS
  77. Sabirova AI, Mamytova AB. Arterial hypertension as a factor in the development of generalized periodontitis. Vestnik of KSMA named after I.K. Akhunbaev. 2022;(3):162–168. doi: 10.54890/1694-6405_2022_3_162 EDN: KIKZPC
  78. Valtellini R, Ouanounou A. Management of the Hypertensive Dental Patient. J Can Dent Assoc. 2023;89:n2.
  79. Pietropaoli D, Cairo F, Citterio F, et al. Practical Guidelines for Patients with Hypertension and Periodontitis. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2023;30:7–16. doi: 10.1007/s40292-022-00553-2 EDN: QEJTFH

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML

© 2026 Eco-Vector

License URL: https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07