Melatonin, Oxidative Stress Markers, and Microbial Profile in Periodontal Inflammation: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Residents of the Russian Arctic



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Abstract

BACKGROUND: In the Arctic, circadian rhythm disruption, driven by melatonin deficiency, serves as an additional pathogenetic factor in the development and progression of inflammatory periodontal diseases.

AIM: To study the role of melatonin and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of periodontal inflammation among residents of the Russian Arctic.

METHODS: The gingival crevicular fluid was collected from patients with chronic periodontitis (54 samples), chronic gingivitis (46 samples), and with intact periodontium (28 samples). Melatonin and malondialdehyde (an oxidative stress marker) levels were measured by ELISA in the gingival crevicular fluid. Periodontopathogen markers were detected using real-time PCR. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata 14 with non-parametric tests.

RESULTS: In patients with chronic periodontitis and gingivitis, melatonin levels were significantly lower than in individuals with intact periodontium [median: 2.1 (1.4; 2.8) pg/mL and 3.0 (2.2; 3.7) pg/mL vs 5.8 (4.9; 6.5) pg/mL, p < 0.001]. Malondialdehyde levels were elevated in inflammatory periodontal diseases. Melatonin correlated negatively with malondialdehyde in periodontitis patients (r = −0.712; p < 0.001). Periodontopathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Treponema denticola) were frequently detected in inflamed cases, and melatonin levels correlated negatively with pathogen associations (r = −0.80; p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION: In the Russian Arctic, low oral melatonin levels in chronic periodontitis patients are associated with increased oxidative stress and immune activation, thereby exacerbating periodontal inflammation.

About the authors

Nataliia V. Davidovich

Northern State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: nvdavidovich@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6414-9870
SPIN-code: 5230-2125

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Clinical Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Laboratory Diagnostics

Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk

Alexandra S. Galieva

Northern State Medical University

Email: alexgalieva@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7037-7730
SPIN-code: 3054-9139

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Therapeutic Dentistry

Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk

Michael A. Sabanaev

Northern State Medical University

Email: mix.sabanaeff@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5642-3019
SPIN-code: 8585-3051

Assistant Lecturer, Depart. of Clinical Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Laboratory Diagnostics

Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk

Elena N. Bashilova

Northern State Medical University

Email: ebashilova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9247-6633
SPIN-code: 9526-8284

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology

Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk

Denis A. Moiseev

The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov

Email: moiseeff.den@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7811-7741
SPIN-code: 2017-4416

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Head, Lab. of Simulation Technologies in Dentistry, Assistant Professor, Depart. of Therapeutic Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry

Russian Federation, Moscow

Svetlana N. Pisareva

Northern State Medical University

Email: pisareva.sveta3917@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-0793-4749
SPIN-code: 8478-5172

Senior Lecturer, Depart. of Clinical Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Laboratory Diagnostics

Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk

Natalia N. Kukalevskaya

Northern State Medical University

Email: n.kukalevskaya@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3371-1485
SPIN-code: 1844-4439

Assistant Lecturer, Depart. of Clinical Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Laboratory Diagnostics

Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk

Natalia V. Solovyeva

Northern State Medical University

Email: patophiz@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0664-4224
SPIN-code: 2263-8904

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Head, Depart. of Pathological Physiology

Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk

Tatyana A. Bazhukova

Northern State Medical University

Email: tbazhukova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7890-2341
SPIN-code: 2220-2151

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head, Depart. of Clinical Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Laboratory Diagnostics

Russian Federation, Arkhangelsk

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