The Efficacy of Anti-Radiation Blood Serum in Combination With Bifidobacteria Metabolism Products on Small Laboratory Animals: A Pilot Experimental Study



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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Radiation accidents at nuclear power facilities, the use of nuclear weapons in military conflicts, and acts of radiological terrorism can lead to severe radiation injuries requiring medical care, including the use of modern agents for early pathogenetic therapy.

AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness of anti-radiation blood serum in combination with bifidobacteria metabolism products in experiments on small laboratory animals exposed to ionizing radiation at lethal doses.

METHODS: Animals were irradiated using a Puma gamma unit at an exposure dose rate of 2.31×10⁻⁵ A/kg: white mice received a dose of 7.9 Gy, and rats received 9.3 Gy. Each group consisted of six animals. Therapeutic agents were administered according to the following scheme: animals in group 1 received a single subcutaneous injection of anti-radiation serum (obtained from horses subjected to double irradiation) combined with bifidobacteria metabolism products (1 : 1 ratio) at a dose of 20 mg/kg 3 days after irradiation; animals in group 2 received anti-radiation serum alone at a dose of 50 mg/kg; animals in group 3 received no drugs (irradiation control). Animals in group 4 served as biological controls. Clinical condition, survival, average life span, hematological status, T- and B-lymphocyte content, and the intensity of lipid peroxidation were assessed. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0; the significance of differences was assessed using Student’s t-test and Fisher’s test.

RESULTS: Radiation exposure at the indicated doses caused 100% mortality in both mice and rats and was accompanied by statistically significant decreases: absolute leukocyte count by 68%, erythrocyte count by 27%, hemoglobin by 24%, hematocrit by 22%, total protein by 27%, and relative T- and B-lymphocyte content by 66% and 70%, respectively. An increase in malondialdehyde concentration in erythrocyte hemolysate and blood plasma by 56% and 53%, respectively, was also observed. Subcutaneous administration of anti-radiation serum at 50 mg/kg on day 3 after irradiation reduced the damaging effects of radiation, increasing survival of white mice and rats to 50% and extending average life span by 6% (mice) and 59% (rats). The combination of anti-radiation serum with bifidobacteria metabolism products produced a more pronounced anti-radiation effect: animal survival reached 83.3% (p = 0.0076; p < 0.05), and the degree of hematopoiesis suppression also reduced.

CONCLUSION: A single subcutaneous administration of anti-radiation blood serum combined with bifidobacteria metabolism products exerts an anti-radiation effect, promotes restoration of hematological and immunological parameters, and increases survival of irradiated animals.

About the authors

Timur R. Gaynutdinov

Federal Center for toxicological, radiation and biological safety; Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education

Author for correspondence.
Email: gtr_timur@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3832-883X
SPIN-code: 4204-3060
Scopus Author ID: 57376957200
ResearcherId: ABG-6428-2020

Cand. Sci. (Biology), Head, Lab. of Animal Radiation Protection, Lead Researcher; Assistant Professor, Depart. of Radiology, Radiotherapy, Radiation Hygiene and Radiation Safety named after Academicians A.S. Pavlov and F.G. Krotkov

Russian Federation, Kazan; Moscow

Sergey V. Boichuk

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Kazan State Medical University; Tatarstan Academy of Sciences

Email: boichuksergei@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2415-1084
SPIN-code: 8058-6246
Scopus Author ID: 6506322420

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Head, Depart. of General Pathology, Dean of the Faculty of Medicine and Biology; Professor, Depart. of Radiology, Radiotherapy, Radiation Hygiene and Radiation Safety named after Academicians A.S. Pavlov and F.G. Krotkov

Russian Federation, Moscow; Kazan; Kazan

Sergey A. Ryzhkin

Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education; Kazan Federal University; Kazan State Medical University; Tatarstan Academy of Sciences

Email: rsa777@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2595-353X
SPIN-code: 5955-5712
Scopus Author ID: 57193392218

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tatarstan, Head, Depart. of Radiology, Radiotherapy, Radiation Hygiene and Radiation Safety named after Academicians A.S. Pavlov and F.G. Krotkov; Professor, Depart. of General Hygiene; Professor, Depart. of Medical Physics of the Institute of Physics

Russian Federation, Moscow; Kazan; Kazan; Kazan

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