Factors Affecting the Timing of Eruption of Primary Teeth



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Abstract

The growing number of missing persons in natural disasters and armed conflicts underscores the relevance of this topic. To expedite personal identification, it is necessary to narrow the pool of potential individuals. Determining the biological age of victims using the dental formula can assist in this process. However, discrepancies and contradictions exist in the scientific literature regarding the timing of eruption of primary teeth. According to some authors, this timing depends on multiple factors: prematurity, maternal tobacco exposure during pregnancy, birth weight, feeding method, family socioeconomic status, geographic location, and ethnicity. Additionally, sex differences, birth length, nutritional status, congenital maxillofacial anomalies, and systemic and viral diseases have been reported to influence eruption timing.

Divergent expert opinions on influencing factors, along with the lack of information in literary sources about possible evolutionary changes over the past century, necessitated this work.

This work aimed to study the chronology of primary tooth eruption from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day.

An analysis was conducted using data from the information and analytical systems PubMed, eLibrary.Ru, and Google Scholar with the keywords: “biological age,” “age identification,” “primary dentition,” and “timing of eruption.”

The observed variations in primary tooth eruption timing may indicate long-term evolutionary adaptations of populations to specific environmental conditions in different geographic zones. The most pronounced differences are observed between continental groups, with differences reaching up to six months for individual teeth, which corresponds to the concept of clinal variability, reflecting gradual changes in genetic and phenotypic traits along a geographic gradient.

Some researchers report substantial differences in primary tooth eruption timing between world regions (North America, Asia, Europe, and South America), which are attributed to environmental factors or characteristics of intrauterine development. However, our statistical analysis using Pearson chi-squared test did not reveal significant differences in the presented data.

About the authors

Irina O. Ayupova

Samara State Medical University

Email: aupovaio@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5448-4245
SPIN-code: 9488-9278

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics

Russian Federation, Samara

Angelina A. Safaryan

Samara State Medical University

Email: gelya_angelinochka@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-3663-6625

student, Institute of Dentistry

Russian Federation, Samara

Nicolai V. Popov

Samara State Medical University

Email: nv_popov@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4454-984X
SPIN-code: 3349-4901

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor, Depart. of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic

Russian Federation, Samara

Alfiia M. Khamadeeva

Samara State Medical University

Email: ca.51@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8160-6965
SPIN-code: 9944-4871

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Depart. of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics

Russian Federation, Samara

Stanislav R. Kiryukov

Samara branch of Moscow City Pedagogical University

Email: kirukov@mgpu.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1730-7880
SPIN-code: 8964-6447

Cand. Sci. (Engineering), Assistant Professor

Russian Federation, Samara

Liliya R. Baimuratova

Samara State Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: LiliyaBaimuratova@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8532-288X
SPIN-code: 2446-4200

postgraduate student, Depart. of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics

Russian Federation, Samara

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