Habitat suitability and areal dynamics of rare desert species of myxomycetes of the genus Didymium under global climate change in Asia

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The ability to determine the spatial distribution of rare species is critical to understanding the environmental factors that influence them. Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling of spatial distributions addresses this problem by allowing inferences about species distributions under environmental change from occurrence data. Using this method, we mapped the current and potential geographic distribution of two rare species of desert myxomycetes, Didymium mexicanum and Didymium nullifilum. Models of potential global species distributions were created using bioclimatic data and MaxEnt software to model species habitat suitability under current conditions (~1950–2000) and under projected changes in future climate (2100 AD) based on 18 spatial distribution points for D. mexicanum and 4 points for D. nullifilum. A detailed morphological description is given for the species. We identified the species D. mexicanum for the first time in Asia.

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Sobre autores

A. Vlasenko

Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, st. Zolotodolinskaya

Autor responsável pela correspondência
Email: vlasenkomyces@mail.ru
Rússia, 101, Novosibirsk, 630090

V. Vlasenko

Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, st. Zolotodolinskaya

Email: anastasiamix81@mail.ru
Rússia, 101, Novosibirsk, 630090

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2. Fig. 1. Didymium mexicanum (NSK 1016359): a, b – spores; c, d – surface of the spores; e – ornament of the inner side of the peridium; f – lime crystals on the surface of the peridium. Scale: a, b – 2 microns, c – 1 microns, e – 4 microns.

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3. Fig. 2. Didymium mexicanum (NSK 1016359): a – capillium filaments attached to the peridium; b – capillium filaments. Didymium nullifilum (NSK 1016358): c – sporocarp; d – spore; e – spore surface. Scale: a – 10 microns, b, c – 2 microns, d – 50 microns, d – 1 microns.

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4. Fig. 3. Locations of Didymium mexicanum (blue dots) and Didymium nullifilum (red dots) on a global scale. The colors correspond to the height above sea level. The legend shows a scale of heights from minimum to maximum in meters above sea level. Elevation gradation: 0-200 m – lowlands, 200-500 m – uplands, 500-800 m – lowlands, 800-2000 m – midlands, more than 2000 m – highlands.

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5. Fig. Рис. 4. Потенциальное географическое распространение Didymium mexicanum в условиях современного климата (~1950–2000 лет) в глобальном масштабе. Результаты MaxEnt представлены в логистическом формате (значения в легенде от 0 до 1). 1 – наблюдаемые точки присутствия.

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6. Fig. 5. Potential geographical distribution of Didymium mexicanum in the conditions of the future climate (~1950-2000 years) on a global scale. The MaxEnt results are presented in a logistic format (values in the legend from 0 to 1). 1 is the observed points of presence.

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7. Fig. 6. The potential geographical distribution of Didymium mexicanum within the boundaries of terrestrial ecoregions within the range of the species in Asia under the conditions of current and future climate: a – current climate; b – future climate. The red squares are the observed points of presence. Ecoregion designations: CLD – Caspian lowland desert; KSD – Kazakh semi–desert; CAND – northern desert of Central Asia; CASD - southern desert of Central Asia (parts of the Desert biome and xeric shrubs); EEFS – Eastern European forest steppe; CMF – mixed forests of the Caucasus; SMF – Sarmatian mixed forests; WSHF – Hemiboreal forests of Western Siberia (parts of the biome of Broadleaf and mixed forests of the temperate zone); PS – Pontic steppe; KS – Kazakh steppe; KFS – Kazakh forest-steppe; Kazakh Highlands (parts of the biome of Temperate meadows, savannas and shrubs); SRT – Scandinavian and Russian taiga; UMF – Ural mountain forests and tundra; WST – West Siberian Taiga (parts of the Boreal Forests biome/Taiga). The probability of the species' presence in the current and future climate is indicated similarly to Figures 4 and 5. The black line represents the boundaries of ecoregions. The white line is the borders of the countries.

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8. Fig. 7. Potential geographical distribution of Didymium nullifilum in the conditions of modern climate (~1950-2000 years) on a global scale. The MaxEnt results are presented in a logistic format (values in the legend from 0 to 1). 1 is the observed points of presence.

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9. Fig. 8. Potential geographical distribution of Didymium nullifilum in the conditions of the future climate (~1950-2000 years) on a global scale. The MaxEnt results are presented in a logistic format (values in the legend from 0 to 1). 1 is the observed points of presence.

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10. Fig. 9. Potential geographical distribution of Didymium nullifilum within terrestrial ecoregions within the range of the species in Asia in the conditions of current and future climate: a – current climate; b – future climate. The red squares are the observed points of presence. Ecoregion designations: SOFS – Selenga-Orkhon forest-steppe; DFS – Daurian forest-steppe (parts of the biome Temperate meadows, savannas and shrubs); TBCF – Trans–Baikal coniferous forests; EST - East Siberian taiga (parts of the biome Boreal forests/Taiga); TBBMT – Trans-Baikal bald tundra (part of the Tundra biome). The probability of the species' presence in the current and future climate is indicated similarly to Figures 7 and 8. The black line represents the boundaries of ecoregions.

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