Cuba’s medical diplomacy: Evolution, assessments, and prospects

Aim. This article aims to examine Cuba’s medical diplomacy in historical retrospect and at the present stage.

Methods. The study is based on an interdisciplinary approach. When working with scientific literature methods of critical and comparative analysis are applied. The author also analyzes the primary sources – documents of international organizations, government papers, statistical data, statements and speeches by officials, media publications, etc.

Results. The development of Cuban medical internationalism in the 20^th century is characterized. The changes in the 21^st century are revealed, when the health services exports are becoming a driver of economic growth and a key tool of soft power, bringing political dividends. Assessments of Cuban medical diplomacy are systematized. Possible options for Havana’s further actions in the context of the ongoing confrontation with Washington are discussed.

Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that through cooperation in healthcare Cuba accumulates symbolic capital, which contributes to improving its international image, primarily in the Global South. At the same time, there is a clear tendency towards commercialization of health services, so the question of further development of Cuban medical diplomacy remains open.