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No 4 (2025)
Articles
Evaluation Criteria for the Memorial Landscape Complex “Green Belt Of Glory” in the Leningrad Region
Abstract
There are more than 80000 memorial complexes, monuments and museums dedicated to the Great Patriotic War in Russia. One of the most famous memorial complexes is the Green Belt of Glory. These are unique objects that are a combination of monuments, memorials, parks and alleys located in various cities and towns of the Leningrad region. The relevance of the research is justified by the Instruction of the President of the Russian Federation on the development of a comprehensive modernization of the memorial and landscape complex “Green Belt of Glory”. The article examines the current state of the memorial and landscape complexes of the “Green Belt of Glory”. The classification of the tourist infrastructure of memorial complexes and monuments of various levels (federal, regional and local significance) by territorial location, transport accessibility, monument type, and hospitality infrastructure has been performed. The typology of existing tourist infrastructure facilities of memorial complexes and monuments of the “Green Belt of Glory” is structured. Evaluation criteria have been developed and the main characteristics have been proposed for a comprehensive analysis of the existing state of memorial landscape complexes and monuments. A critical assessment of the “Green Belt of Glory” memorial complexes condition carried out and main problems were identified, justifying a number of low indicators of their current state. The main directions for the preservation of cultural and historical memory of memorial and memorial landscape complexes, measures for modernization of facilities of high historical and cultural value, and development of hospitality infrastructure have been identified. Promising areas of work with monuments and memorial complexes have been identified based on the analysis of the results of their criterion assessment.
3-14
The Deformation Criterion in Joint Calculations of Stone Structures and Foundations
Abstract
The article describes the identification of the most adequate deformation criterion when calculating a building and a foundation interaction. A historical excursus demonstrates how the criterion for calculating the buildings foundations for the second group of limiting conditions was adopted. It made it possible to limit the development of the buildings masonry dangerous deformations in interaction with the base to the limiting values of absolute draught and draught relative unevenness. It is shown that the limiting values of the base and the structure joint deformation in modern domestic and European standards for masonry buildings without reinforcement are based on field observations made in the middle of the last century, as well as on theoretical examination and laboratory tests of the brick beam work for bending on a pliable base. The maximum draught values and their relative unevenness correspond to the beginning of the cracks formation in the walls brickwork. At the current computer technology level, when joint calculations of the building and the foundation became possible, it is expediently to return to the initial deformation criterion, namely, the critical tensile strain, which characterizes the brickwork elastic limit before cracking. When considering the building and the foundation in a single calculation scheme, the draught limits and their unevenness turn out to be secondary to the immediate criterion determining the cracking onset. A practical example shows how the proposed criterion can be used to assess the impact on an architectural monument of modern man-made impacts associated with the underground structures construction in courtyards when adapting a cultural heritage object for modern use.
15-26
Regeneration of the high-latitude landscape in the latest residential structures’ concepts
Abstract
Regenerative approaches to the organization of new living environments are gaining popularity due to global environmental problems. The processes of permafrost degradation observed in the Russian Arctic in recent years have a destructive effect on the local housing stock and encourage a revision of conventional approaches to the formation of residential structures. This article analyzes the range of modern conceptual and predictive architectural projects in order to systematize current approaches to the formation of residential structures based on regenerative processes. In this study, regeneration is considered as a property of architecture that allows restoring the natural balance of ecosystems and accompanies the functioning of a residential structure. As a result of the study, the following approaches were identified: containment, accumulation, reproduction, replenishment, blocking, biomogenesis, and terraforming. The identified approaches expand the range of available volumetric-spatial and functional design strategies in the conditions of permafrost degradation within the framework of the sustainable development paradigm. It has been established that the sought approaches have a biomimetic nature, since they reproduce processes similar to the vital activity of natural ecosystems. The research materials may be useful for further research in the theory and practice of architecture, devoted to the formation of a residential environment in extreme conditions on the principles of regeneration.
27-34
The Cultural Identity of Eco-Sustainable Architecture
Abstract
Eco-sustainable architecture is not just environmentally oriented construction but a comprehensive, holistic approach that integrates ecological, social, economic, and cultural aspects. In this context architecture becomes not only a means of minimizing environmental impact but also an important tool for forming social interactions and cultural identity. It aims to create an environment that takes into account the interests of various social groups, supports cultural diversity, and promotes sustainable urban and settlement development. The socio-cultural aspect plays a key role in sustainable urban development. Public spaces, parks, pedestrian zones, and art objects create an environment for interaction and strengthen social cohesion, fostering a dialogue between residents and urban space. Public art – from street art to land art – plays an important role in creating a unique identity for places, ensuring an emotional connection between people and their surroundings. A striking example is the project “7000 Oaks” by Joseph Beuys, emphasizing the importance of collective participation in forming the urban environment and recognizing the role of nature in urban life. Thus, eco-sustainable architecture is not only the environmental damage minimizing strategy but also the mechanism for building a harmonious, inclusive, and culturally rich society, where architecture serves as a means of integrating ecology, art, and social interactions.
35-41
Traditional Agricultural Landscapes – a Valuable Territorial Resource of Mountainous Dagestan
Abstract
In modern conditions, significant attention is given to the restoration of human settlements. Assessing sustainability and formulating restoration strategies are crucial for the revival of agricultural landscapes in line with the goals of the Russian Federation. In this work, the territory under consideration is presented as the primary resource for farming, managed at the level of territorial planning. To ensure the sustainable development of agricultural landscapes in settlements, the authors propose a historical-genetic approach based on the social archetype for assessing territorial resources within a social-ecological system (SES). The paper illustrates the method of mapping and monitoring terrace systems in the southern territory of the Republic of Dagestan and proposes a typology of terrace farming. In conclusion, the importance of an integrated approach to the restoration of agricultural landscapes for achieving the sustainable development goals is emphasized.
42-46
Trade as a Factor in the Transformation of the Planning Structure of a Chinese Border City
Abstract
Being formed in accordance with the peculiarities of the geographical, climatic, historical and economic conditions of their origin and territorial growth, such cities have a special morphological organization, which allows us to consider the urban planning specifics of the Far Eastern urban “twins”: Fuyuan (Khabarovsk), Zhaohe (Pokrovka–Bikin), Heihe (Blagoveshchensk), identifying the stages of changing their layout, corresponding to the level of economic development and cultural exchange in coastal settlements located along the demarcation line of China and Russ Based on field studies carried out with the help of a structural analysis of a system object, which is a Chinese border city, the morphological organization of its space is considered and the features of the formation process of a cross-border Russian-Chinese agglomeration are revealed.The use of cartographic and statistical analysis of planning solutions made it possible to analyze the details of the trade infrastructure that determines the formation of border paired cities. Consideration of the trade activity of border towns as a factor conceptually significant for identifying their compositional patterns made it possible to clarify the periodization of the historical transformation of the urban structure of settlements organizing cross-border linear residential construction facilities.
47-55
Determination of Strength Parameters of Soils Based on the Results of Plate Load Tests
Abstract
To determine the strength characteristics of foundation soils, modern surveying practice includes a number of field and laboratory methods. The methods are evolving along with the technical capabilities of the surveyors and the theoretical basis associated with soil mechanics research. One of the methods that have prospects of development is the plate load test. The aim of this work is to develop a methodology that allows to determine the strength parameters of soil based on the result of the plate load test, taking into account the influence of the scale effect. In the course of the work, a methodology was developed, including recommendations for testing and for processing the test results to obtain strength parameters that can be used in different ranges of average stresses due to the correction introduced to account for the scale effect (nonlinearity of the strength graph). On the basis of the presented methodology, the application has been developed that allows to automatically carry out selection of strength parameters and their correction depending on the value of average stresses entered by the user. Selection results in the application, their description and comparison with laboratory test results are presented.
56-64