Calcipostia guttulata (Basidiomycota, Polyporales) in Russia

封面

如何引用文章

全文:

开放存取 开放存取
受限制的访问 ##reader.subscriptionAccessGranted##
受限制的访问 订阅存取

详细

The aim of our work was to generalize the data on the ecological, biological and morphological features of Calcipostia guttulata (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) by using the materials of our own research, revision of herbarium specimens, molecular barcoding of our own collections, available literature, iconography and information about the species stored on the GBIF portal. It is shown that C. guttulata is a widespread, but rare polypore in the Holarctic, confined to the first stages of drying of coniferous stands, primarily spruce forests, and manifests itself as a poorly studied core pathogen as well as a saprotroph colonizing coniferous deadwood, less often fallen trees. The morphological diagnosis of C. guttulata has been clarified, the substrate spectrum of the species, its distribution, and important from a forest pathology point of view relationships with insects have been identified most fully to date. The conservation status of the species and the prospects for its use in biotechnology are discussed.

全文:

受限制的访问

作者简介

I. Zmitrovich

V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: iv_zmitrovich@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, St. Petersburg

D. Shabunin

St. Petersburg State Forest Engineering University named after S.M. Kirov

Email: ds1512@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, St. Petersburg

N. Bukharova

Federal Research Center for Biodiversity of East Asian Terrestrial Biota, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nadya808080@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Vladivostok

V. Perelygin

St. Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: vladimir.pereligin@pharminnotech.com
俄罗斯联邦, St. Petersburg

参考

  1. Azbukina Z.M., Parmasto E.Kh., Bulakh E.M. et al. Fungi. In: Flora of the Verkhneussuri reserve. Vladivostok, 1984, pp. 23–64. (In Russ.)
  2. Bakier S., Pohorecka K., Swiecicka I. et al. Composition for treatment of American Foulbrood in bees and extract from polyporoid fungus, in particular Tyromyces fissilis, for use in treatment and/or prophylaxis of American Foulbrood in bees. Patent WO 2021/235954 A1. 25.11.2021.
  3. Benick L. Pilzkafer und Kaferpilz. Okologishe und statistische Untersuchungen. Acta Zool. Fenn. 1952. V. 70. P. 1–250.
  4. Blaser S. Spongiporus guttulatus (Peck) David (ID = 6643). Federal Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL). 2025. https://www.wsl.ch/map_fungi. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  5. Bolshakov S.Yu., Volobuev S.V., Ezhov O.N. et al. Aphyllophoroid fungi of the European part of Russia: an annotated list of species. Publishing house of St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, St. Petersburg, 2022. (In Russ.)
  6. Bondartseva M.A. Key-book to fungi of Russia. Order Aphyllophorales, issue 2. Families Albatrellaceae, Aporpiaceae, Boletopsidaceae, Bondarzewiaceae, Ganodermataceae, Corticiaceae (species with a poroid hymenophore), Lachnocla- diaceae (species with a tubular hymenophore), Polyporaceae (genera with a tubular hymenophore), Poriaceae, Rigidoporaceae, Phaeolaceae, Fistulinaceae. Nauka, St. Petersburg, 1998. (In Russ.)
  7. Dai Y.C., Yang Z.L., Cui B.K. et al. Species diversity and utilization of medicinal mushrooms and fungi in China (Review). Int. J. Med. Mushrooms. 2009. V. 11. P. 287–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/IntJMedMushr.v11.i3.80
  8. Erofeeva E.A., Bukharova N.V. First time data on aphyllophoroid fungi of the Anyuisky National Park (Khabarovsk Krai). Mikoloiya i fitopatologiya. 2018. V. 52 (3). P. 167– 173. (In Russ.)
  9. Erofeeva E.A., Bukharova N.V., Bulakh E.M. New data on basidiomycetous macrofungi of the Jewish Autonomous Region. Mikologiya i fitopatologiya. 2021. V. 55 (6). P. 423– 430. (In Russ.) https://www.doi.org/10.31857/S0026364821060088
  10. Estonian Red list of fungi. 14.03.2019. European Council for the conservation of fungi. http://www.eccf.eu/redlists-en.ehtml. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  11. Gardes M., Bruns T.D. ITS primers with enhanced specificity for basidiomycetes application to the identification of mycorrhizae and rusts. Mol. Ecol. 1993. V. 2. P. 132–118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.1993.tb00005.x
  12. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Home page. 2025a. https://www.gbif.org/ru/species/8559216. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  13. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025b. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2640627568. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  14. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025c. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4869072860. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  15. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025d. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4934055055. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  16. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025e. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4934071414. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  17. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025f. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4932178094. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  18. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025g. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4410818786. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  19. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025h. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4956074784. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  20. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025i. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4410754053. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  21. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025j. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2332509963. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  22. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025k. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4461469706. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  23. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025l. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2640622570. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  24. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025m. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4462126042. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  25. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025n. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4462498656. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  26. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025o. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4931248498. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  27. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025p. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4933822012. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  28. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025r. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4935509811. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  29. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025s. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4921336675. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  30. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025t. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1499285054. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  31. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025u. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4023430784. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  32. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025v. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3049038332. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  33. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025w. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/927393389. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  34. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025x. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/927393390. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  35. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025y. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2640628562. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  36. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025z. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4023416514. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  37. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025α. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4023416550. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  38. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025β. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4023416527. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  39. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025γ. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4023416532. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  40. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025δ. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4023448796. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  41. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025ε. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2640617568. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  42. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025ζ. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2640615574. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  43. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025η. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/2872789320. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  44. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025θ. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4023445319. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  45. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025ι. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3043050710. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  46. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025κ. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4023416504. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  47. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025λ. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3043048718. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  48. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025μ. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/4023416449. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  49. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025ν. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3461431799. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  50. GBIF. Postia guttulata (Sacc.) Jülich. Occurrence page. 2025ξ. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/1412707946. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  51. Gilbertson R.L., Ryvarden L. North American polypores. V. 2. Lubrecht and Cramer, Port Jervis, 1987. P. 434–886.
  52. Gilden J. Spongiporus guttulatus (Peck) David (ID = 6643). Federal Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL). 2025. https://www.wsl.ch/map_fungi. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  53. Govorova O.K. Heterobasidiomycetes and aphyllophoralean fungi of Sakhalin. In: Flora and Fauna of Sakhalin Island (Proceedings of the International Sakhalin Project). Part 1. Dalnauka, Vladivostok, 2004, pp. 115–134. (In Russ.)
  54. Karasiński A.K., Kujawa A., Piątek M. et al. Contribution to biodiversity assessment of European primeval forests: new records of rare fungi in tge Białowieża forest. Polish Bot. J. 2009. V. 54 (1). P. 55–97.
  55. Koch K. Die Kafer Mitteleuropas. Okologie, Bd 2. Goecke und Evers, Krefeld, 1989.
  56. Kotiranta H., Saarenoksa R. Kytövuori I. Aphyllophoroid fungi of Finland. A check-list with ecology, distribution, and threat categories. Norrlinia. 2009. N 19. P. 1–223.
  57. Krasutskiy B.V. Mycetophilous Coleoptera of the Urals and Trans-Urals. V. 2. System “Fungi – Insects”. Chelyabinsk, 2005. (In Russ.)
  58. Krom I.Yu., Kapitonov V.I. First data on the species composition of macromycetes of the naturel micro-reserve “Zharovsky” (Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia). Vestnik Udmurtskogo universiteta. Ser. Biology. Earth Sciences. 2019. V. 29 (4). P. 443–462. (In Russ.)
  59. Kudashova N.N., Gashkov S.I., Kutafyeva N.P. Preliminary list of macromycetes of Tomsk region: subdivision Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota) and class Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota). In: Systematic notes on materials of P.N. Krylov Herbarium of Tomsk State University. 2013. N 107. P. 22–70. (In Russ.)
  60. Lobl I., Smetana A. (eds). Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera. V. 5. Tenebrionoidea. Apollo Books, 2013.
  61. Lowe J.L. Polyporaceae of North America: the genus Tyromyces. Mycotaxon. 1975. V. 2. P. 1–82.
  62. Malysheva V.F., Malysheva E.F. Higher basidiomycetes of forest and meadow ecosystems of Zhiguli. Partnership of scientific publications KMK, Moscow, St. Petersburg, 2008. (In Russ.)
  63. Mikhaleva L.G. Fungi. In: Diversity of Yakutian flora. Publishing house of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 2005, pp. 273–287. (In Russ.)
  64. Nazarova M.M. Macromycete fungi in forest phytocoenoses of southern Primorye. In: Algae and fungi of Siberia and the Far East. Nauka, Leningrad, 1970, pp. 117–121. (In Russ.)
  65. Niemelä T. Polypore fungi of Finland and adjacent territory of Russia. Norrlinia. 2001. N 8. (In Russ.)
  66. Niemelä T. Käävät, puiden sienet. Polypores, lignicolous fungi. Norrlinia. 2005. V. 13. P. 1–320.
  67. Nitare J. (ed.). Signalarter: indikatorer på skyddsvärd skog: flora över kryptogamer. Jönköping, Skogsstyr, 2000.
  68. Ryvarden L., Gilbertson R.L. European polypores. Pt 2. Meripilus–Tyromyces. Synopsis Fung. V. 7. Oslo: Fungiflora, 1994. P. 388–743.
  69. Ryvarden L., Melo I. Poroid fungi of Europe / with photos by T. Niemelä and drawings by I. Melo and T. Niemelä. Fungiflora, Oslo, 2014.
  70. Safonov M.A. List of wood-destroying basidiomycetes of the Orenburg Urals (Russia). Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. Elektronnyy nauchnyy zhurnal. 2015. N 2. P. 11–28. (In Russ.)
  71. Schigel D.S. Polypore – beetle associations in Finland. Ann. Zool. Fennici. 2011. 48: 319–348.
  72. Schigel D.S. Polypore-inhabiting beetles of four protected forests in South Häme, Central Finland. Sahlbergia. 2005. V. 10. P. 59–62.
  73. Schmitz L.M., Lang T., Steuer A. Taste-guided isolation of bitter compounds from the mushroom Amaropostia stiptica activates a subset of human bitter taste receptors. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2025. V. 73 (8). P. 4850–4858. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.4c12651
  74. Selikhovkin A.V., Mamaev N.A., Martirowa M.B. et al. A new outbreak of mass reproduction of the bark beetle Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) in the Leningrad region and its peculiarities // Entomologicheskoe obozrenie. 2022. V. 101 (2). P. 239–251. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31857/S0367144522020034
  75. Shabunin D.A., Zmitrovich I.V. Pleurotus abieticola (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) as a pioneer xylosaprotroph associated with spruce sites dieback caused by Ips typographus. Mikologiya i fitopatologiya. 2024. Т. 58 (5). P. 391–399. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0026364824050075
  76. Shen L.L., Wang M., Zhou J.L. et al. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Postia. Multi-gene phylogeny and taxonomy of the brown-rot fungi: Postia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) and related genera. Persoonia. 2019. V. 42. P. 101–126. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2019.42.05
  77. Spirin V.A. Aphyllophoralean fungi of Nizhny Novgorod Region: species composition and ecological features. Cand. Biol. Thesis. Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 2003. (In Russ.)
  78. Stalpers J.A. The genus Ptychogaster. Karstenia. 2000. V. 40. P. 167–180.
  79. Swedish fungal Red list. 2010. European Council for the conservation of fungi. http://www.eccf.eu/redlists-en.ehtml. Accessed 05.02.2025.
  80. Viner I.A. Polyporoid and corticioid Basidiomycetes in pristine forests of the Pechora-Ilych Nature Reserve, Komi Republic, Russia. Folia Cryptog. Estonica. 2015. Fasc. 52. P. 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/fce.2015.52.10
  81. Volobuev S.V., Bolshakov S.Yu., Kalinina L.B. et al. New species for regional mycobiotas of Russia. 7. Report 2022. Mikologiya i fitopatologiya. 2022. Vol. 56 (6). P. 383–392. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0026364822030138
  82. White T.J., Bruns T., Lee S. et al. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: M.A. Innis etc. (eds). PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Acad. Press, N.Y., 1990. P. 315–322.
  83. Yurchenko E., Kotiranta H. New or rare for Belarus species of polyporoid fungi collected in Belavezhskaya Pushcha in 2016. Bulletin of Polesie State University. Series of Natural Sciences. 2020. N 1. P. 3–11.
  84. Zmitrovich I.V., Kotkova V.M., Malysheva V.F. et al. Fungi In: Identification and survey of biologically valuable forests in the North-West of the European part of Russia. V. 2. Manual for identifying species used in surveys at the level of stands. SPb., 2009a, pp. 139–217. (In Russ.)
  85. Zmitrovich I.V., Malysheva V.F., Malysheva E.F. Types of hyphae of polyporoid and pleurotoid fungi: terminological revision. Ukr. Bot. J. 2009b. V. 66 (1). P. 71–87. (In Russ.)
  86. Азбукина З.М., Пармасто Э.Х., Булах Е.М. и др. (Azbukina et al.) Грибы // Флора Верхнеуссурийского стационара. Владивосток, 1984. С. 23–64.
  87. Большаков С.Ю., Волобуев С.В., Ежов О.Н. и др. (Bolshakov et al.) Афиллофороидные грибы европейской части России: аннотированный список видов / Отв. ред. С.Ю. Большаков, С.В. Волобуев. СПб.: Изд-во СПбГЭТУ “ЛЭТИ”, 2022. 578 c.
  88. Бондарцева М.А. (Bondartseva) Определитель грибов России. Порядок афиллофоровые; Вып. 2. Семейства альбатрелловые, апорпиевые, болетопсиевые, бондарцевиевые, ганодермовые, кортициевые (виды с порообразным гименофором), лахнокладиевые (виды с трубчатым гименофором), полипоровые (роды с трубчатым гименофором), пориевые, ригидопоровые, феоловые, фистулиновые. СПб.: Наука, 1998. 391 с.
  89. Говорова О.К. (Govorova) Гетеробазидиальные и афиллофоровые грибы Сахалина // Растительный и животный мир острова Сахалин (Материалы Международного Сахалинского проекта). Часть 1. Владивосток: Дальнаука, 2004. С. 115–134.
  90. Ерофеева Е.А., Бухарова Н.В. (Erofeeva, Bukharova) Первые сведения об афиллофороидных грибах национального парка “Анюйский” (Хабаровский край) // Микология и фитопатология. 2018. Т. 52. № 3. С. 167–173.
  91. Ерофеева Е.А., Бухарова Н.В., Булах Е.М. (Erofeeva et al.) Новые сведения о базидиальных макромицетах Еврейской автономной области // Микология и фитопатология. 2021. Т. 55. № 6. С. 423–430.
  92. Змитрович И.В., Коткова В.М., Малышева В.Ф. и др. (Zmitrovich et al.) Грибы // Выявление и обследование биологически ценных лесов на Северо-Западе Европейской части России. Т. 2. Пособие по определению видов, используемых при обследовании на уровне выделов. Санкт-Петербург: ООО Типография “Победа”, 2009. С. 139–217.
  93. Змитрович И.В., Малышева В.Ф., Малышева Е.Ф. (Zmitrovich et al.) Типы гиф полипороидных и плевротоидных грибов: терминологическая ревизия // Укр. бот. журнал. 2009. Т. 66, № 1. С. 71–87.
  94. Красуцкий Б.В. (Krasutskiy) Мицетофильные жесткокрылые Урала и Зауралья. Том 2. Система “Грибы – насекомые”. Челябинск, 2005. 213 с.
  95. Кром И.Ю., Капитонов В.И. (Krom, Kapitonov) Первые сведения о видовом составе макромицетов природного микрозаказника “Жаровский” (Красноярский край, Россия) // Вестник Удмуртского университета. Серия биология. Науки о Земле. 2019. Т. 29. Вып. 4. С. 443–462.
  96. Кудашова Н.Н., Гашков С.И., Кутафьева Н.П. (Kudashova et al.) Предварительный список макромицетов Томской области: подотдел Pezizomycotina (Ascomycota) и класс Agaricomycetes (Basidiomycota) // Систематические заметки по материалам Гербария им. П.Н. Крылова Томского государственного университета. 2013. № 107. С. 22–70.
  97. Малышева В.Ф., Малышева Е.Ф. (Malysheva, Malysheva) Высшие базидиомицеты лесных и луговых экосистем Жигулей. М.; СПб.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2008. 242 с.
  98. Михалева Л.Г. (Mikhaleva) Грибы // Разнообразие растительного мира Якутии. Новосибирск: Изд-во СО РАН, 2005. С. 273–287.
  99. Назарова М.М. Грибы-макромицеты в лесных фитоценозах южного Приморья // Водоросли и грибы Сибири и Дальнего Востока. Л.: Наука, 1970. С. 117–121.
  100. Ниемеля Т. (Niemelä) Трутовые грибы Финляндии и прилегающей территории России // Norrlinia. 2001. № 8. С. 1–120.
  101. Селиховкин А.В., Мамаев Н.А., Мартирова М.Б. и др. (Selikhovkin et al.) Новая вспышка массового размножения короеда-типографа Ips typographus (L.) (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) в Ленинградской области и ее особенности // Энтомологическое обозрение. 2022. T. 101. № 2. С. 239–251.
  102. Сафонов М.А. (Safonov) Список древоразрушающих базидиальных грибов Оренбургского Приуралья (Россия) // Вестник Оренбургского государственного педагогического университета. Электронный научный журнал. 2015. № 2. С. 11–28.
  103. Спирин В.А. (Spirin) Афиллофоровые грибы Нижегородской области: видовой состав и особенности экологии. Дисc. … канд. биол. наук. Ботанический институт им. В.Л. Комарова РАН, Санкт-Петербург, 2003. 274 с.

补充文件

附件文件
动作
1. JATS XML
2. Fig. 1. Calcipostia guttulata (LE 287757): a – intergrowth of basidiomes on the base of Picea abies; b – hymenophore of fresh fruiting body; c – surface of dried specimen; d – hymenophore of dried specimen. Scale: b, d – 1 mm.

下载 (1MB)
3. Fig. 2. Entrance (marked with a black square) and exit (marked with a white square) holes characteristic of Tetropium castaneum and Trypodendron lineatum (marked with an arrow) on a spruce affected by Calcipostia guttulata. Scale – 10 mm.

下载 (376KB)

版权所有 © Russian Academy of Sciences, 2025